Masalah Jaringan Wireless

Most common Wireless Router Problems are related to most common Wireless Network Problems which are problems with wireless connectivity (Check also the article the way to troubleshoot the wireless network):

* Unable to make a successful wireless connection
* Intermittent connectivity

Wireless networks are widely deployed in the business and corporate organizations to support the business, but today the numbers of home users deploying wireless network increases day by day. Unfortunately, mostly home users have limited knowledge about wireless network unlike those trained technicians in business and corporate organizations. Therefore knowledge about the wireless router problems and other wireless network problems is very essentials to have to troubleshoot the problems that occur occasionally.
The most common type of wireless router problems or wireless network problems is being unable to make a successful wireless connection (from scanning to obtaining an IP address configuration) with the following common reasons:

* Mismatched configuration between the wireless routers (or the wireless AP) with the wireless clients
* Wireless Auto Configuration is enabled and a third party wireless configuration tool is installed
* Wireless router / AP is performing MAC address filtering
* Sources of signal interference
* Sources of signal attenuation

Mismatched Configuration

A mismatched configuration can actually generate wireless network problems. A successful connection can be made when many different properties of wireless connections between the wireless router /AP and the wireless clients are matched. Some of the most common mismatch configurations are the following:

* Mismatched 802.11 Technologies

Currently there are four different standards for 802.11 wireless networking that are used today: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and the draft version 802.11n. Although a lot of recently manufactured wireless LAN equipments support the use of more than one of these standards such as a dual-band version wireless router or dual-band wireless adapters, it is still possible to get a mismatch that generate the wireless router problems. For example, a wireless network adapter that only supports 802.11a will not connect to a wireless AP that only supports 802.11b and 802.11g devices.

* Mismatched Authentication Method

Wireless router problems can be caused by the mismatched Authentication Method – a very common Wireless Network Problems. When the authentication method between the wireless router / AP and the wireless clients are not the same, they cannot authenticate each other – they cannot make a successful wireless connection.

In wireless network for home or SOHO, the wireless authentication methods include open system, shared key, WPA-PSK, and WPA2-PSK. Because the use of shared key authentication is highly discouraged, that leaves open system authentication for wireless networks that are not WPA or WPA2-capable, WPA-PSK for wireless networks that are WPA-capable, and WPA2-PSK for wireless networks that are WPA2-capable.

Fixing this type of wireless router problems you need to verify the authentication method that is configured on the wireless router / AP and configure the wireless client computers with the same authentication method.

* Mismatched WEP keys

For legacy wireless devices that use WE P encryption, the WEP key is specified manually which is easy to incorrectly type the key. Mismatched WEP keys can generate wireless router problems, because the wireless clients cannot interpret each other’s frames.

As a result this will generate wireless network problems; the wireless client will not be able to obtain an automatic IP address configuration from the DHCP server, thus no successful communication between the wireless clients and the wireless router /AP. For example, a Windows XP with SP2-based wireless client will obtain an APIPA address and display “Limited or no connectivity” for the status of the wireless connection.

When you use the Wireless Network Setup Wizard in Windows XP SP2, all the devices that support Windows Connect Now are automatically configured with the same WEP key.

* Mismatched WEP key index

The WEP key index is a number that specifies which WEP key to use for the encryption of wireless frames. You can use up to four different WEP keys. In practice, only a single WEP key is used, corresponding to the first possible WEP key. The wireless AP and the wireless client must both be configured to use the first possible WEP key.

Specifying the first possible WEP key depends on how the wireless client and wireless AP begin numbering the four possible WEP keys. For example, they could begin numbering them at 1 (from 1 to 4) or they could begin numbering them at 0 (from 0 to 3). In either case, choose the first possible value on both the wireless client and the wireless AP. For example, Windows XP with no service packs installed begins numbering the possible WEP keys with 0. Windows XP with SP1 or Windows XP with SP2 begins numbering the possible WEP keys with 1.

* Mismatched WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK

If you are using WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK authentication, you must configure a pre-shared key value in the Network key and Confirm network key fields. Verify that the WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK value is the same as that which is configured on the wireless router /AP. For WPA, you must select TKIP in Data encryption and WPA-PSK in Network Authentication. For WPA2 with Windows XP with SP2, you must select AES in Data encryption and WPA2-PSK in Network Authentication.

When you use the Wireless Network Setup Wizard in Windows XP SP2, all the devices that support Windows Connect Now are automatically configured with the same WPA pre-shared key value. The Wireless Network Setup Wizard does not support the configuration of a WPA2 pre-shared key value.

Wireless Auto Configuration is Enabled and a Third-Party Wireless Configuration Tool is Installed

Windows XP Wireless Auto Configuration provides integrated support for wireless networking and helps automate wireless configuration. Wireless network adapters also provide a wireless network configuration tool. If the wireless network adapter driver supports Wireless Auto Configuration, installation and use of the network adapter vendor’s configuration tool is not needed.

To test whether your wireless network adapter supports Wireless Auto Configuration, right-click the wireless connection in the Network Connections folder and then click Properties. If there is a Wireless Networks tab, your wireless network adapter supports Wireless Auto Configuration.

Problems with initial configuration and connectivity can occur when Wireless Auto Configuration is enabled and the wireless network configuration tool is installed. In this case, both Wireless Auto Configuration and the wireless network configuration tool might be sending their settings to the wireless network adapter, resulting in configuration mismatches that cause wireless network problems.

To solve this problem, use either Wireless Auto Configuration or the wireless network configuration tool, but not both.

For example, if there is a capability of your wireless network adapter that you must use and Wireless Auto Configuration does not support it (such as the configuration of a 152-bit WEP encryption key), then disable Wireless Auto Configuration and use the wireless network configuration tool. To disable Wireless Auto Configuration, clear the Use Windows to configure my wireless network settings check box on the Wireless Networks tab for the properties of the wireless connection in Network Connections.

If you decide to use the wireless network configuration tool supplied by the wireless network adapter vendor, then you must use this tool to specify all of your wireless network settings (such as the wireless network name, and authentication and encryption settings), rather than using the properties of a wireless network from the Wireless Networks tab.

If you want to use Wireless Auto Configuration, then remove the wireless network configuration tool using Control Panel-Add or Remove Programs or some other means provided by the wireless network adapter vendor, such as uninstall option available via the Start menu.

Wireless Router/AP is Performing MAC Address Filtering

Mostly the new wireless routers / AP provide a way of filtering the wireless clients using the MAC addresses. MAC addresses are also known as hardware or physical addresses. MAC address filtering is designed to provide an extra layer of security for wireless networking. However, an attacker can easily thwart this extra security by capturing the frames sent to or from an allowed wireless client and reprogramming their own wireless network adapter to use a valid MAC address.

You should include all the valid wireless clients MAC addresses into the wireless router /AP MAC address filter configuration if you use the MAC address filtering feature enabled. If you add a new computer into the network, it will not be able to successfully connect to the wireless router until you update the MAC address filter to include the MAC address of the new computer. You might think that the wireless router problems occur when adding new clients to the network, if you forgot that the router is configured with MAC address filter enabled.

Sources of Signal Interference

Both Wireless -b and wireless -g operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, the same frequency band used by other wireless appliances such as cordless phone, baby monitor, home security and monitoring systems, wireless video cameras, and microwave ovens. These will cause wireless router problems, and other wireless network problems due to these sources of wireless interferences. The wireless clients will be suffering connecting to the wireless routers/AP.

Turn off those wireless appliances temporary to make a test if they cause the wireless network problems and try to connect the network and see if it is successful. Check also wireless installation considerations here.

Sources of Signal Attenuation

Wireless signal can attenuate or lose their strength if there are obstructions such as walls, ceilings, and the presence of metal or shielding between wireless clients and the wireless AP. In some cases, the signal loss is complete, resulting in the inability to make a wireless network connection.

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